The full loan under BAföG is a special form of support. It can be granted when there is no longer a possibility to get "normal" BAföG (subsidy/state loan).
This might e. g. be the case when
- the student has started further education (e.g. second change of subject without full semester credit)
- the maximum duration of financial support has been exceeded and there are no (no longer) grounds for justifying a grant/state loan in the exceedance phase.